This article covers the types, symptoms, causes, and treatments of vasculitis. Buerger’s disease affects the small and medium blood vessels in the arms and legs. The blood vessels swell and ...

Thoracic autonomic nervous system surgery is based on interrupting the adrenergic action of the central nervous system. The first surgery on the thoracic sympathetic chain was performed by Alexander ...

Thoracic autonomic nervous system surgery is mainly used for hyperhidrosis/facial flushing, whereas cardiac and vascular indications are limited.